Risks with Periodontitis and Cardiovascular Disease

The link between oral health and heart health has moved from a hypothesis to a substantial body of scientific evidence. Periodontitis is no longer viewed as a localized infection of the gums but as a chronic inflammatory burden with far-reaching systemic consequences. This course examines the intricate relationship between periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease (CVD), exploring the biological mechanisms that connect the mouth to the heart. It evaluates the strength of the epidemiological data and distinguishes between correlation and causation in the context of atherosclerotic vascular disease. The curriculum delves into the two primary pathways of pathogenesis: the direct invasion of arterial walls by oral bacteria via bacteremia, and the indirect systemic effects of chronic inflammation. Participants will learn how periodontal pathogens like Porphyromonas gingivalis have been isolated in atheromatous plaques and how the host's inflammatory response measured by biomarkers such as C-reactive protein (CRP) accelerates the formation of clots and arterial narrowing. The course also addresses shared risk factors, such as smoking and diabetes, that amplify the severity of both conditions simultaneously. Finally, this course provides actionable strategies for the dental team to manage patients with comorbid cardiovascular risks. It reviews the potential benefits of non-surgical periodontal therapy in improving endothelial function and lowering systemic inflammatory markers. By adopting an interprofessional approach, dental professionals can play a pivotal role in the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular events, reinforcing the message that a healthy mouth is essential for a healthy heart.